Dominant Culture Essay

Contrast the dynamics between dominant cultures and subcultures either in a work setting or in society. According to Baack (2012), a dominant culture articulates the core values shared by a majority of an organization’s members. The dominant culture is the one that has the most power and influence. This culture represents the majority in society. The subcultures consist of the minorities in societies that differ from the dominant culture. Even though they are different, they deserve to be respected. Explain why it is important to understand the impact of culture. It is important to understand culture, so that all employees will be sensitive to the differences of others and value them, in order to work together to achieve the goals of the organization. Understanding culture is important so you do not offend others which could lead to a hostile environment. Give an example where you demonstrated your awareness and or openness to understanding a cultural difference. When traveling abroad for my company, I often came into contact with managers that stood very close when talking. At first, I did not understand and would quickly back away. This gesture often times offended the person that I was speaking with. I had to learn to embrace and respect the culture, in order to close the deal for my company. Explain how these differences underscore the need for understanding diversity. Diversity is what makes the world interesting. If we were all alike; what a boring world this would be. Understanding and respecting other differences helps us to appreciate diversity. In order to appreciate diversity, one must have an open mind and be willing to change. From the information given, develop guidelines for embracing diversity. My guidelines for embracing diversity are: educate people concerning diversity, create an environment where people can share ideas, get to know everyone on the team, and reward those that appreciate diversity.

Personal Recount Essay

Megan did not have a bright attitude towards school. She was always not looking forward to studying because she has problem coping in school. Whenever they bring in a new topic, she sighs heavily knowing she would take a long time to understand it even though it is considered an easy topic to the rest of the class. She was always positioned last in class and having a mere fifty-five percent and below for her percentage in exams and tests. Her position in level is one of the bottom few. She did not like being in a school filled with intellegent students. Her teacher, Mrs Tay, had asked the class to prepare a short speech to say in front of the class on what they want to be when they grow up and what are they are going to do to achieve their goal. Most of the students had said that they want to be a doctor, a lawyer, a banker or even an Army Sergent. Many of them had bright futures waiting for them. They all wanted to complete their Masters and futher their education abroad. When it came to Megan’s turn, she look down into her script nervously and read out her speech. She was hesitant to speak the truth but she decided that she should not be embarrased as she too has embitions. She wanted to be a veternarian to help cure sick and needy animals as she had once lost her dog in a car accident. Many of her classmates were shocked. They did not expect a weak student to have high embitions. After speaking out, her classmates shouted from their seats, saying she can do it. Mrs Tay gave words of encourangement which made her delighted. After class, Megan went up to Mrs Tay. She asked her if she could have one-to-one sessions with her to help her. Mrs Tay gladly took her under her wings. As months pass and her PSLE finishing, Megan made an increasing improvement. She was now confident in her work, partake in class work and volunteer to help others. Teachers were saying among themselves that she has changed into a positive and outspoken person unlike before. She was the role model of many students in her school. When the day of the results of the PSLE came, Megan was confident. She knew she had done her best regardless of her aggregate. Mrs Tay passed to her her certificate and it shows A for most of her subjects. Megan jumped for joy and many of her friends went up to her to congratulate her. Her effort paid off. If she had not shared her embitions, she wouldn’t be excelling in her subjects.

How do Piagets and Vygotskys theories of learning and development Essay

How do Piagets and Vygotskys theories of learning and development compare regarding the influences of social interactions in childrens cognitive development - Essay Example These theories include Maturationist, Environmentalist and Constructivists ones. These three schools of thoughts have different views and ideas on child development. Piaget and Vygotsky are the pioneers and representatives of the Constructivist school of thought. Both of them have similarities and dissimilarities in their views. Before discussing the three aspects of child development, it is necessary to define cognitive psychology. In the words of Anderson: Cognitive psychology attempts to understand the nature of human intelligence and how people think. The study of cognitive psychology is motivated by scientific curiosity, by the desire for practical applications, and by the need to provide a foundation for other fields of social science. (Anderson, 1990:1) The Swiss biologist Jean Piaget and Russian psychologist Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky were the theorists to advance the constructivist theory of Cognitive development in children. According to which the cognitive development starts in children with their interaction with the environment and people around them. It is necessary for a child’s development, according to them, that he must interact with other individuals of society. The theory is different from the Maturationist school of thought. The Maturationist theorists believe that the cognitive development is a biological process, and all the healthy (normal) children get it as long as they grow physically. The theorists including Arnold Gessel and others believe that the cognitive development occur naturally and automatically. DeCos has quoted their views in these words: School readiness, according to maturationists, is a state at which all healthy young children arrive when they can perform tasks such as reciting the alphabet and counting; these tasks are required for learning more complex tasks such as reading and arithmetic. (DeCos, 1997) On the other hand, constructivists are of the view that development in children is not the outcome of

Evaluation of Department of Homeland Security Management Research Paper

Evaluation of Department of Homeland Security Management - Research Paper Example It will be noted that the human capital strategic planning is in place to ensure that processes concerning human resource planning such as hiring, pay programs, and retention are undertaken through a more holistic model that provides an integration into the larger strategic plan of any organization for which it works (U.S. Executive Office of the President, 2004). Consequently, it can be said that this inclusion process ensures a more compact human resource planning program. The second component of the agency’s human resource system that can be analyzed is the rate of emphasis that the agency places on internal hiring. Hiring is a very important aspect of all human resource management roles as it sets the tone for the human resource base of an organization to be established. Consequently, the actual structures of the human resource base of an agency, including the weaknesses and strengths of the agency depend largely on the mechanisms that take place during the hiring process. As a part of the homeland security’s human resource management policy, preference is always given to internal employees from lower ranks whose competencies and experience permit for them to occupy vacant positions that exist on top of their hierarchy (U.S. Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2004). This does not mean, however, that no room is created for external hiring, but that this is minimized until the time when internal placements have been exhausted. In effect, the most likely position to hire from outside the organization is in very low divisions. Finally, the agency has a locality and special rate supplements in relation to retention that is used as a major human resource planning policy to ensure the retention of a diversified workforce. With a labeling of locality and a special rate, the commonest idea that comes to mind is that this form of rates is different from the generalized rates used by all other governmental agencies a nd institutions (Schwemle, 2004). In the case of homeland security, this provision has been made to ensure a form of motivation that would guarantee that there are employees who would want to put up specialized roles and work with the agency for long, so as to be beneficiaries of the rate. Imperatively, the locality and special rate supplements in relation to retention is an internal mechanism, together with the internal hiring process to ensure that there is an absolute retention among the labor force of the agency. Implications of Human Resource Workforce The three components of human resource planning discussed above come with three major implications, which could all be summed up in a common terminology known as increased productivity. This is because the inclusion of an external agency in hiring ensures fairness and adherence to state principles, which brings about a highly credible hiring process that is devoid of all forms of biases (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2003b ). Once this is achieved, productivity can be guaranteed because the issue of putting square pegs in round holes will be done away with, thereby, ensuring that people are placed at positions where they can perform to their utmost best.

A new health drink based out of fresh juices Assignment

A new health drink based out of fresh juices - Assignment Example However, Fruit-shots allows consumers to get a healthy bottle of juice in the most convenient manner. The new trend towards healthy is responsible for the rapid growth of the beverage industry but other factors also influence consumer demand. Consumer purchasing power is among the factors that influence consumer demand in the beverages market. The recent global financial crisis eroded consumer purchasing power and a significant number of consumers reduced spending on consumer products. Fruit-shots offer consumers the opportunity to consume healthy meals at the most affordable prices. Research statistics reveal a growing demand for fresh juice from low income as well as middle income households. Another factor that influences the demand and supply of fresh juice is seasonal changes. There is a high demand for fresh juice during summer because of the warm weather conditions. The emergence of fruit and vegetable diseases has a negative impact on consumer attitudes towards the consumption of Fruit-shots. Finally, the low shelf life of fresh juice influences the quantity of Fruit-shots t hat consumers will be willing to purchase from retail outlets. The operational purposes and overall goals of this marketing project are three-fold. First of all, this marketing project aims at assessing Fruit-shots’ current situations. Secondly, the marketing project identifies the company’s current market share and brand performance. Finally, the project summarizes the company’s decisions. The genesis of the marketing project involves an analysis of the company’s market size and brand profitability. The analysis yields information on the company’s market reach and performance of individual brands. Fruit-shots will prepare a line graph chart, which reveals that the company has recorded consistent growth in the last six quarters. The company has recorded gradual and consistent increase in market size since its inception in the

Writing for journalists(feature story- Valentines Day) Article

Writing for journalists(feature story- Valentines Day) - Article Example People in the fashion industry have the tendency of maximizing their profits by raising the prices of the products needed by their regular customers. In relation to the more awaited day, a study by the industrys trade group has approximated that about 150 million love and valentines cards are sold in the USA during this period. The coming season is characterized by lots of people going for outs in open parks where they express their affections to one another and some even go an extent of proposing to their loved ones. The activities of the day will have an impact on the environment in several ways, the small pleasures that the people will engage themselves into will have some environmental impacts. The day should, therefore, have no reason for the match of emotions; therefore, it will not be a new thing for the dead tree greeting card to boost in its operations during this day. The pains that lover have had in the past vanish quickly and the circulation of the valentines cards usually goes on as nothing much has ever happened with lots of negligence of what happens to the environment through the celebration. It becomes very difficult for an environmentalist to understand the reason lots of people and especially in the Americas risk paying a lot in terms of carbon tax by using the shiny cardboards in sending love notes to their lovers. The most annoying thing is that, lots of customers know the impacts of their activities and trying to tell them to stop the practices is as good as not telling them. In most of the advanced countries, the card manufacturing companies have made advances in designing carbon friendly valentine cards, the companies have insisted that they have come up with carbon- neutral cards because they have paid for enough carbon credits. Having known the effects brought about by the events of the day to the environment, there are several things that I will advise those curious for the day to avoid doing, one of the

How Did Prophets Function In Israel Research Paper

How Did Prophets Function In Israel - Research Paper Example Other than just being conveyer of God’s messages, these spiritual figures attempted to make humankind revert back to God after facing moral decay (Taylor 2). There are 48 prophets and 7 Prophetesses that have emerged during eighth century in Israel. Functions of the Prophets in Israel A critical analysis of literature available on prophets in Israel helped in understanding that some of the major missions performed by Prophets included reformation instead of new innovation of religion, urging conformity to law along with infrequent mention of it, lack of prescription in the law, testing and serving as a watch man and intercessor (Wood n. pag.). Once their missions were ascertained, the methods that were used to achieve them described the ways through which prophets functioned in Israel. Since prophets acted as a foreteller and an oracle of God, they also adopted certain other roles in the society in order to ensure that these teachings were known to people and duly followed. So me of the major leadership roles in Israeli society included lawgiver, wise men, prophets, psalmists and priests. These were the instructors that Israelis turned to whenever they needed guidance and Prophets of Israel held some of these roles simultaneously in order to achieve their goals. a. Roles of the Prophets Firstly, the role of lawgivers in Prophets began with the advent of Moses who was also the very first Prophet that appeared in Israel. Second role adopted by the Prophets was wise man whose function was to guide and provide counseling in the light of religious teachings. Hence, through this role, prophets attempted to convince general public and leaders of the society with logic instead of appealing to their conscience (Taylor 5). Lastly, some of the prophets also acted as priests who were also responsible for enforcement of law however they were responsible for major sacrifices along with bringing civil justice in the society. In addition to that, Prophets in Israel were majorly responsible for oracular revelations as well. Most of these prophets held leadership roles in their times and were also followed by major social figures who were judges and military heads being responsible for ensuring that the teachings of Prophets prevail. Joshua is one such example who was a strong political figure however he was not a prophet and did not delivered messages of God to people of Israel. In addition to some of these basic functions, Prophets of Israel were also seen as acting as a balancing factor for King’s rule as they received God’s word about King’s actions that were going to be taking place along with the outcomes of those that have already been taken place. Such prophets were not only oracular but were also perceived as a symbol of justice. In order to function effectively, they sometimes also formed part of King’s court and used their oracular powers to provide guidance to the King (Wilson). Over the period of time, the pro phets were limited to oracular function only instead of acting as leaders of the society and sources of miracles (Bremmer 159). b. Methods Used By Prophets These roles allowed prophets to use various methods for conveying their messages which included preaching, individual contacts with the kings and main leaders of the society and using symbolism for disseminating messages of God along with object lessons (Wood n. pag.).  

Vision Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Vision Statement - Essay Example tion of most sophisticated technological means; so that comfort, efficiency, and accessibility by the masses is guaranteed, and in the event heritage is preserved. The vision is essentially captivating to both the company and her clients. It has a long term objective by setting futuristic competences contrary to the contemporary standards in the travels industry. Te the vision also maps out a standardized industry where technology is a mechanism of achieving inevitable changes that would benefit this sector. By painting such a picturesque, the vision is set before the management team to work about the set goals. This sheds some sense of hope by the company so that the seemingly impossible comes to limelight. This as a result pushes the management team alongside the staff to maintain in the commitment so as to be able to achieve all this. Alongside providing such hope, the vision will also entail social compliance by evading poor technological present methods that deploy plentiful of pollutants through emissions like fumes. To sum it up all, the envisioned plan will address the issues in question wholesomely; this will address the comfort of th e individual traveler, the safety of the zones experiencing this impact as well as efficiency, which denotes perfect

ETHICAL CONSUMERS . myth or reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ETHICAL CONSUMERS . myth or reality - Essay Example The result was obvious and very predictable. It led to huge scale destruction and exploitation of resources of the planet earth, pollution, human and animal abuse and a long run destruction of everyone at this planet. That was the time when the experts and media people jumped on to the scene and started creating awareness amongst the public. The masses wanted to follow the ethical path and wanted to stop the companies from their unethical actions for making profits. They all agreed that it is the responsibility of all of them to stop this destruction and unethical actions, somehow or other. That was when; the consumers became conscious about their power, about the difference that they could make. They understood the fact that these companies depend of them and they can use this dependency to make these companies work their way. Consumers developed common platforms and came up with useful strategies. It started to work. By boycotting, the products of those companies involved in unethical means of production pressure grew on the companies to change their course of action. Moreover, the decreased profits made the companies to do it so as well. The process of acquiring products that are produced without violating ethical grounds and code of conduct can be termed as ethical consumerism and these consumers are called as ethical consumers (Wetherly, & Otter, pp.12-18, 2008). People were unaware of the term of ethical consumerism before the past three decades. This is after the early 70’s era that the masses became conscious about the violation of moral and ethical standards for more profits by companies. These actions were certainly crossing the limits of patience of the public, that is why the masses had to stand up by themselves for the sake of this planet, its eco-system and betterment of their coming generations and making sure that they leave a better world for their coming generations. Following are some of most notable

Historical reference to U.S. counter-terrorism practices, and how Essay

Historical reference to U.S. counter-terrorism practices, and how these practices have been developed - Essay Example Two sections, besides the introductory one, deal with key issues in crafting the US counterterrorism strategies, while the third section lays a particular emphasis on the current approach to countering acts of terror and terrorist networks. Thus, the final section discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the present-day US counterterrorism policy and draws a conclusion about its effectiveness. Introduction As a general rule, terrorism is unsusceptible to exact definition insofar as certain interpretations could justify violence, especially actions conducted under the banner of politics, which is otherwise unacceptable (White, 2012). Thus, as White (2012) states, terrorism denotes different things to different people, being called either revolutionary war or crime in one or another period of history. On the other hand, according to White (2012), terrorism itself, along with the counter-terrorist responses, are practices that have always been in transition; while Ambassador Michael Sh eehan (retd) points out that terrorism is both provoked and sustained by technological progress, development and, perhaps most notably, globalization (Alexander & Kraft, 2008). In that regard, the smaller the world has become, the more capable terrorists would appear – whether in terms of communication, travel, funding, or weaponry (Alexander & Kraft, 2008). The advent of global-oriented terrorism in the 1990s, being represented first and foremost by Islamic Jihad- and al-Qaeda-led activities worldwide, appears a powerful argument in favor of that statement (Anderson and Sloan, 2009). In his foreword to Evolution of US Counterterrorism Policy, Ambassador Sheehan (retd) concluded that the US counterterrorism policies generally present a perspective on the evolution of terrorism itself (Alexander & Kraft, 2008). Being largely preoccupied with traditional interstate conflict and counterinsurgency, the US national security establishment first recognized the terrorist threat in th e early 1970s; while the increasing frequency, considerably extended reach and magnified lethality of terrorist attacks in the 1980s and 1990s up to the post 9/11 era, firmly shifted the focus of attention on terrorism in order to become US national security policy’s top priority (Sheehan in Alexander & Kraft, 2008). Correspondingly, the US counter-terrorist responses and tactics reflected the growing complexity of terrorist threat worldwide, including weapons of mass destruction, cyber-terrorism, etc. (Lia, 2003). The Times of Blissful Ignorance There have been numerous acts of terrorism across the world in modern times, but the United States became a prime terrorist target as late as the 1980s; until then, the term terrorism had been applied to various groups, including revolutionaries, anarchists, nationalists and violent left-wing activists, who mainly targeted European citizens and governments (White, 2012). As the meaning of terrorism fluctuated over time, the forms of terrorist activity also fluctuated between group violence, rioting and guerilla warfare (White, 2012). In turn, the tactics employed by terrorist organizations varied from kidnapping to assassinations and bombings, including suicide ones. The attack on the

The Rape of Lucretia Essay Example for Free

The Rape of Lucretia Essay Roman culture was largely based on the citizens’ honor. Honor was one of the most important aspects of a Roman citizen’s life. Honor was very important to Roman society. Lucretia displayed her honor in two ways, first she served Sextus Tarquinius and his men, and then she killed herself after being raped by Sextus Tarquinius, the son of the king. â€Å"I will absolve myself of blame, and I will not free myself from punishment. No women shall use Lucretia as her example of dishonor. † Conlatinus tried to persuade her saying she did not have to kill herself and she had done no wrong. She could not live with herself because she was violated. â€Å"They promised her that they would pursue him, and they tried to appease her sorrow, saying that it was the soul that did no wrong and not the body, and because she had no intention, she did no wrong.† They tried to tell her she had done nothing wrong, that she had no intention to be raped, but that failed. â€Å"Then she took up the knife which she had hidden beneath her robe, and plunged it through her heart.† Conlatinus, her husband, knelt by her side. She would have died a dishonorable woman if she did not kill herself. Also by killing herself, she could not be used as a source of dishonor and shame for Roman society. Brutus then took the knife and said â€Å"By this blood, which was so pure before the crime of the prince, I swear before you, O gods, to chase the King Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, with his criminal wife and all their offspring, by fire, iron, and all the methods I have at my disposal, and never to tolerate Kings in Rome evermore, whether of that family of any other.† He used this as an example to end the reign of Kings in Rome. This showed vast honor, promising to avenge his friend’s wife by pursuing the king’s entire family for the horrible crime Sextus committed.

Euthanasia Essay Introduction Essay Example for Free

Euthanasia Essay Introduction Essay Introduction According to the American Cancer Society (2015), it is estimated that there were 589,430 cancer deaths among men and women. Everybody has the right to autonomy and the autonomy factor of the individual plays a vital role when euthanasia is chosen to be used. It can be a very difficult time for the patient’s family and friends but it is the patient who is deeply suffering from the situation. Euthanasia is not a practice that is legal across America; instead it is only legal in 5 states which include Washington, Oregon, Montana, Vermont and New Mexico. When understanding the use of euthanasia, it is very important to recognize the patients’ perspective. A physician must understand exactly what the mindset of the patient and their family before they proceed. This particular study researches and examines the autonomy aspect on the use of euthanasia from the patients’ perspective. It is also important to recognize that there are patients that are afraid of the legalization of euthanasia and the ones that decide to choose this option. Background Euthanasia is a practice used on patents to end their life in order to end the pain and suffering that is caused by cancer. Euthanasia has caused a lot of controversy over the years due to moral and religious reasons. However, there are patients all over the world that are suffering daily from the unbearable pain which is making them even consider the use of euthanasia. Some may argue that it is the autonomy of the patient should be the final ruling on whether or not euthanasia should be used. Others may say that although patient autonomy should be considered as an important factor on the use of euthanasia but it is viewed as a form of medical abuse. Over the years the aspect of patient autonomy has shifted dramatically in which it now strongly overpowers paternalism. In this particular study, the researchers felt that is was important to fully understand the viewpoint of the cancer patients and what they truly feel about the use of euthanasia. Every patient has their own perspectives of euthanasia and this research  aims to target the thoughts that revolve around the minds of these individuals. This can be a very complicated type of study because it is a very sensitive topic but the researchers feel that the in-depth interviews can reveal crucial information. There are many facts and information known about euthanasia but very little is actually noted by health professionals. Patients and Methods According to the researchers, there were a total of 66 informants that were interviewed for this study. It was also mentioned by the researchers that the study was â€Å"initiated in 1997, but due to one researcher’s own fatal disease, the project was postponed, but then restarted, with additional interviewing, in 2007† (Karlsson et al, 2011, p.35). The requirements were that patients had to be â€Å"over 18 years, suffering from cancer in a palliative phase†¦ no obvious disorientation and not currently suffering from a psychological crisis† (Karlsson et al, p.35). The patients were selected from five different units which consisted of various organizations and clinics. Each interview that was conducted was based on set topics that included matters based on the informants’ perspectives on euthanasia and its legalization in Sweden. It was also specified that each interview were examined in a qualitative manner and â€Å"tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim, ranging in size from 800 to 10,000 words† (Karlsson et al, p. 35). Results After conducting the interviews, researchers have come to a conclusion that there were many patients that had neutral opinions on the use of euthanasia. Furthermore, there were some patients who might actually consider euthanasia. Many also thought it was unnecessary to continue living with such harsh health conditions. With this study it was also realized that the perspectives on euthanasia were not particularly similar between the terminally ill patients. It was a very interesting discovery because there were patients that had two totally different viewpoints. The issue of trust is a very important factor when trying to determine their thoughts on euthanasia. The relationship between the family, patient and the physician were also brought up by the patients. These patients have very different views on the value of trust where some have complete trust, trust with some  doubt, and absolutely no trust in the physicians and their family. Ethical considerations Before the actual research was conducted it was first approved by regional board of ethics. It was stated by the researchers that â€Å"The selected patients were provided with written information of the study by staff members, and if interested, they were approached by the researcher, receiving further information† (Karlsson et al., p. 35). It is important for health care officials to fully recognize the different perspectives and thoughts on euthanasia. Autonomy is a very large part of the decision and it is very important to consider their individual rights. Providing information to the patient and their family can always be helpful in their final decision. Because there are so many different viewpoints on euthanasia, it is very important for the health care providers to individually understand each patient’s needs. Conclusions This research can be critical to changing the personal thoughts of health care professionals. Although, this topic is a very complicated issue, this research tends to clarify many aspects of euthanasia. It was concluded that some patients wanted to make the final decision, others wanted guidance and help from the family, and some wanted the health care professionals to make the final decision. The trust factor plays a huge role in the use of euthanasia as these terminally ill patients may not always have right mindset to make a decision. Patient autonomy is considered to be more important nowadays in the field of health work as doctors and physicians have less influence on the decisions of the patients. Overall, with this study it shows the importance to recognize the various mindsets of these individuals. References American Cancer Society. (2015). Estimated Deaths for the Four Major Cancers by Sex and Age Group. Estimated Deaths for the Four Major Cancers by Sex and Age Group. Karlsson, M., Milberg, A., Strang, P. (2011). Dying cancer patients’ own opinions on euthanasia: An expression of autonomy? A qualitative study. Palliative Medicine. Vol. 26. Pgs 34-42.

Teaching Reading Skills For Children With Dyslexia

Teaching Reading Skills For Children With Dyslexia INTRODUCATION Reading is a necessary skill for success in all societies, and the ability to read throughout various contexts effectively likely to improve self confidence and social progress as well as ones potential carrier. However, Reading difficulties is the problem that faces many students with dyslexia across different educational system. It seems clear that there are two main methods of conceiving LD in general and the natural reality concept of dyslexia. One main definition relates to psychological/medical model and the other is social model (Kevin, 1999). It is frequently pointed out that reading skill is complicated because it is based on two main processes which are coding, comprehension. They require learning all alphabetical characters and the outcome of knowledge as well as interaction with the readers own experiences and access to results through the text. According to H. Lee Swanson, Karen R. Harris, Steve Graham (2006) reading difficulties is deficit in learning processes which are include visual perception and perceptual Kinetic perceptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ etc. They established training programs for this processes which are prerequisite for learning to read, such as audio and visual perception. However, this trend has been criticized by researchers; because the theoretical philosophy was relatively weak and it was not grounded on scientific based evidence instead it was meant to see only virtual behavior. On the other hand, in the sixties and seventies of the last century has returned to focus on direct teaching and structured learning, which focus on Code-emphasis and Whole Language (Hoien, 2000). Unfortunately, it is clear that there is no known medical alternative to reduce the severity of cognitive processing delay in pupils with reading difficulties. Therefore, teachers are required to work instructional adjustments as a result, students with reading difficulties are to be successful in an suitable academic environment that help to reduce reading difficulties (such as eliminate any source of disturbance at mainstream classrooms and resource room). One of the most important instructional adjustments is use of basic procedures for appropriate intervention in early stage of educational ladder to avoid reading problems in students through use of various programs of intervention by specialized teachers and clinical psychologist. Another instructional adjustment which is methods of teaching students with dyslexia how do they read? (Kevin,1999). On the other hand, dyslexia friendly schools are an appropriate environment for children. They are to be provided with effective support and awareness of their additional requirements. The aim of this very brief essay is to discuss different definitions of dyslexia. Intervention to reduce reading difficulties in students with dyslexia will be discussed with a focus on stages of intervention in England; issues associated with intervention and also focus on Reading Recovery. Teaching Methods for students with reading difficulties will be examined in terms of Whole Language Instructions and Code- emphasis Instructions. Finally, Facilitating dyslexia friendly schools will be explored in brief. 1. Definition of Dyslexia It seems a controversial issue relatively in the beginning, because dyslexia has defined in many approaches, some of the definitions reflect the theories of causation, while the other definitions in an attempt to describe dyslexia. It seems clear that dyslexia involves more than one condition as it conveys a conceptual difficulty in reading skills for the child as well as a number of other reasons ((Rice, 2004). A hundred years have passed by since the first systematic definition of dyslexia as well as the diagnosis was established( Frith, 1999) and there is still considerable debate among professionals, professionals, psychologists and teachers about the conceptual issues of dyslexia, whoever in fact not far from agreement on their knowledge of concepts, skills development needs and capabilities, as well as diagnosis. Moreover, professionals and associations interested in special education differ in the definition of a large private educational terms, particularly in the case of attention deficit attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder(ADD) and dyslexia. In one community, has experienced difficulty in teaching reading as indicating poor reading skills that must be addressed by large-effective teaching methods. On the other hand, it is observed that another community the same way of reading difficulties in dyslexia, which contains an individual educational plan (IEP) that need to be highly efficient for the education of each individual case. Moreover, there are many of reliable definitions that have been adopted from a wide range of different instruction environments, such as definition of the British Association for Dyslexia (2001), which seems to be a descriptive definition , which indicate that dyslexia can be seen as : A combination of abilities and difficulties which affect the learning process in one or more of reading, spelling, and writing. Accompanying weakness may be identified in areas of speed of processing, short-term memory, sequencing, auditory and / or visual perception, spoken language and motor skills. It is particularly related to mastering and using written language, which may include alphabetic, numeric and musical notation ( Reid, 2002). It is agreed widely that reading skill is key for all people to complete the learning process successfully and appears to be agreement that the learning process needs to be a large number of simple skills, which requires the functions are ordered from different regions of the brain (both left and right from the Brocas area and Hamichaer ), moreover, the sequence of actions that may make it one of the most complex operations. It is clear that all teachers, practitioners and parents should have information about children with dyslexia and the most important problems they face, especially in reading to understand the definition of the educational process (British Dyslexia Association, 2003). On the other, the World Federation of Neurologists (1968) defined it as; Dyslexia is a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction and socio-cultural opportunity. It is dependent upon fundamental cognitive disabilities which are frequently of constitutional origin. (Mortimore, 2003, by Reid, 1994, p.2). If we pay enough attention to this definition it is clear that the greatest changes considerate on the late sixties that stress and characterized problems to complete reading process to be successful, and the new millennium, that is a interested far more than three different stages of description, the first, behavioural, which is the most important element for teachers and practitioners to work daily with children with dyslexia, particularly in the school, and second, cognitive which is more relate to teacher learning difficulties who is responsible for assessment of any kind of learning difficulties and then Preparation an individual education plan, third, the level of biological, which refers to dyslexia for kind of nervous-developmental in developmental deficit of biological origin(Frith, 2003). However, if we compare the definition of the British Dyslexia Association in the definition of (2001) of dyslexia with the equivalent, which presented by the World Federation of Neurology (1968), we will note other potential conflicts, according to the conceptual dimension to the definition of dyslexia. On the other hand, it is perfectly balanced in those who wish to present the strengths and weaknesses of children with dyslexia: dyslexia is a combination of difficulties, and capacity that may affect the learning process in one or more of the writing, reading and spelling. It might be possible, identify weaknesses in visual perception, processing speed of the short-term memory, sequencing, as well as audio, spoken language and motor skills. and that are relevant to mastering and using written language, which may contain the alphabet and identify the digital as well as musical. 2. Causes of Dyslexia According to ( Rice, 2004 ) there is still no consensus on the underlying causes of dyslexia. It is frequently point out that not all the difficulty in reading or writing means dyslexia. However, there are many scientists who believe that inheritance and hearing problems at an early age may cause dyslexia. This will be discussed in more details. 2.1 Inheritance May not be possible that dyslexia is not a strong characteristic that will be inherited, even if one or both parents have it. On the other hand, this may be possible. it clear that forty per cent of the people and explained that dyslexia has a history of learning difficulties in their family. According to Brain scanning of children with dyslexia by specialists in the field of medicine that bunches of cells beneath the surface in the front left side of the brain are responsible for reading problems (ibid.). This group of cells moving on the surface of brain cells while growing in the fetus, which does not occur with children with dyslexia. In addition, they have to be smaller mango cellular system, which is liable for recognition, for example, symbols and characters, which leads to difficult to read. They usually tend to use the right part for these skills, which are not designed for this job and that six times slower. It is clear that scientists consider these genetic variations and statistics that the inheritance is one of causes of dyslexia. 2.2 Hearing Problems at an Early Age It is frequently point out that the first five years of a childs life are important for the ability to read and write in accordance with natural languages. In the event that the child is suffering from colds or other continuously during the first years of his life, without medical intervention prior to the visit of the health center, may be exposed to ban prayer from time to time and thus may lead to hearing loss. This means that there is a break in the learning process of the child because of those problems in the hearing. If the child does not have the ability to hear words correctly, and thus lead to delays in the phonemic awareness of the child that leads to learning difficulties, such as dyslexia (Bradford, 2009). 3. Intervention for Dyslexia 3.1 Definition of intervention According to Wall (2003) definition of intervention as An intervention is an interaction between two people to bring about change and, therefore, early years practitioners undertake interventions each time they are working with children. Interventions may be short, medium or long term and will be planned carefully to ensure effectiveness and appropriateness. and He suggested idea which is what and how should practitioners draw up a plan or design different and useful intervention programs for each child as a case individually, by clarifying how it could encourage teachers or staff of these children collaborative work by each category of activity classroom, which can be caused by structured plan which made through specialists. It can be seen that intervention has become a significant key in resolving of psychological educational issues which is more effective to clarify access for these issues or problems and also it is useful in reaching positive results, especially for children with learning difficulties who are at risk for any particular type of learning difficulties. It is important to note that it should be look at if one parent has dyslexia, which is likely to move to one of their children as a result it is important there is focus on the family history, which may to be assisted to alert teachers and parents therefore, it may get appropriate intervention program for these children (Augur,1993 ). If we pay enough attention to Augur indicate that developmental dyslexia is justified for certain reasons, first reason, it may be very difficult to clarify kind of developmental dyslexia that a child is born through t according to the results of brain injury as a result of stroke or an accident, etc. Moreover, the second reason which is that many specialists agree that most of these children, who are smart in most courses with the exception of some basic academic skills that need to develop and therefore it is likely that the teachers are providing success and development of the natural growth of children with dyslexia, if they were with the fact that dyslexia may not be curable but it needs to useful intervention programs. 3.2 Stages of intervention in England According to DfES (2003) that stages of intervention used in schools in Britain, with almost identical stages in America, called (waves). Wave 1, which is refer to initial education for literacy in schools in that there must be effective integration of all children, high quality and a daily reading and writing hour with appropriate differentiation required. Whereas, if the children do not respond correctly to primary classroom of literacy guidance therefore, intervention will be necessary. In addition, Wave 2 shows a set of specific interventions which are additional a specific time, which refer to some children who are in need of support services to accelerate development and they can work at or above age-related t the highest of expectations . Wave 3 which is describes the governance for a small number of children and intervention is necessary to provide specifically for the processor speed of evolution or allow children to achieve their potential. It is Clearly that , this could i nclude the 01:01 or specific interventions, so when it comes to older children, which is usually refer to the approach set out specifically for children that have been identified as requiring special education support by working in the school environment. The best example, as noted by the researcher that Wave 3 intervention which is reading recovery. 3.3 Issues associated with intervention It is frequently point out that there is controversy about how to build effectively intervention programme. Researcher will present the most important factors agreed for potential success in the planning and production of the correct intervention program. First, it taking into accounts the assessment procedures and examination in psychology that can explain exactly what are the skills which need to develop in children. According to Fawcett and Lynch (2000) to examine dyslexia test (designed by Nicolson and Fawcett, 1996) will be the most successful for all the teachers to their schools. In addition, this test has become highly efficient because it is interested in semantic and verbal fluency as well as knowledge of numbers. Another reason which is how quickly the application of this test for example, it is take one minute to the task of writing and one minute in the skill of reading, moreover, spelling and other skills that could take two minutes. According to Pumfrey and Reason (2001) enhance the quantity and quality of cognitive development of children is significant factor to reach the appropriate intervention for them, it is important to take into account to confirmation that intervention at the earliest time that in order to that this procedure may not lead to a delay which is undesirable for children who have reading difficulties. In the same context, we may emphasize that the assessment procedures and examination need to be more focus by that stage, even before the application to avoid any future problems (Talcott,, 1997). However, the researcher as a teacher for special education as well as lecturer at the Department of Special Education recognizes that there are no tests in a uniform and there is a clear lack of evaluation of courses in schools in Saudi Arabia. It is clear that this is an opportunity for the researcher to obtain the correct method of assessing and screening for children who have difficulties reading in schools and the transfer of these measures and the right strategies for the development of the educational process in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Talcott (1997) indicate that there is another factor which is related to people who may play an active role of detection of children who have dyslexia. Therefore, there are some people around the children who have learning difficulties and they who provide full care to alleviate the difficulties that may be in these children as well as they are trying to find the appropriate methods in educational process such as, parents, professionals as well as specialists in health care. 3.4 Type of intervention for reading difficulties 3.4.1 Reading Recovery Reading Recovery has been designed by Marie Clay, who is a researcher in New Zealand (Reading Recovery Council , 2006). Mary did studies which allowed her to develop appropriate methods for the detection and intervention for reading difficulties for children. In addition, this program is studies based intervention that is applied in more than 10000 schools in New Zealand, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. it was a developed to offer intervention for children who have reading difficulties ( Au, Mason1990). According to Au, Mason (1990) The main of reading recovery is to be able to offer intensive one-on-one support children who have reading difficulties in first grade and thus provide appropriate intervention to help them succeed before they improve their reading difficulties (Savage, John 1994). Moreover, it is aimed at less than twenty percent of school classes in first grade classroom. It is clear that it is not easy to make a decision about who children should be given to this program. children are taking a test and depending on the lowest scores for this test and then to hold this program for children got the lowest scores by trained teachers in the application of this program for children who have difficulties reading to reduce these difficulties and to read well (Kline, Anne 1997). It is frequently point out reading recovery is developed to be compatible with the regular school system. Each school needs to confirm that teachers should have the ability to download the program continuously during the year. It is clear that it has the ability to work in a variety of levels for instance it works with teachers, in school, children, and in the education system to provide assistance in reducing reading difficulties in children (Reading Recovery National Network,2006 ). Savage, John (1994) pointed out that Reading Recovery which is a program works differently for each child who is in need of this program. Selection of children for this program based on the report which is submitted by the teacher, and a survey about what child has knowledge of letters and concepts about print process, text reading . In addition, the program begins with what the child is to have the ability to do, then it builds on what they are trying to do and work what child need to learn about reading (Reading Recovery National Network,2006 ).According to Chapman, Turner ( 2003) the program is designed to work one-on-one instruction for thirty minutes a day for a period of twelve to twenty weeks through trained teachers. Moreover, it is designed to regular classroom reading guide. In addition, It is set out to assist based on childs strengths. The main concentration on one-on-one lessons is concentrate on comprehending the various messages in reading and students have the ability to build messages in writing skill (Reading Recovery National Network). According to Savage, John (1994) reading recovery includes that: -Reading Familiar Books: students tend to read books that they enjoy. Teachers, however, will observe how child read these books then they will assist the child while children are reading this book. -Assessment of reading strategies: the students will have a book that have never read it, in the previous lesson, the child will read that book for the teacher, then the teacher will use recorder while the child is read. Working on Letter recognition: student will be trained to look at the different letters, and begins to be familiar with them. -Introducing new books: teacher will choose a number of different books that are suitable for students reading level. Reading new books: The teacher will show a new book for the student, and then the student will be supposed to read it in the next lesson. In addition, the teacher and student will discuss the book and provide assistance to prepare for the understanding of the story in that book before read it. It is clear that Reading program was designed to meet the special the individual needs of reader who has difficulties in reading, which seems different from child to child. Working Individually with students, preparing lessons to respond to the individual needs of the child, will help to develop childrens reading (hapman, Iversen, Tunmer 2005). It is clear that the reading recovery has extensive one-on-one instruction. Not surprising to anyone that the intensity of the program and work individually with students which is influential to stage of intervention for those students who have reading difficulties. Recent research indicates that the method of one-on-one is more effective in teaching in regular classes that lead to achieving the individual needs for each student (Chapman, Tunmer 2003). Reading Recovery Council (2006) pointed out that many of the children are in different levels reading skill, establishment of lesson for all student is not always effective to that a student who does not understand what may be understood by other child and therefore teachers can create a lesson that will contain five elements: working with letters, reading books which are familiar to student, observe and record what is read by the student and reading new curriculum (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). it is possible to assist students achieve effective reading performance by the individual needs of them early. In addition, working individually with students to guide them educating reading strategies as well as to provide some time for the application so that they will be capable to achieve in grade level (Educational Commissions System of the States 2000). It seems clear that the strategy of one-on-one which allows teachers to provide students all comments, compliments and questions that the teacher knows a student who has the ability to answer those questions. In addition to, the reading recovery teachers have the ability to help the student and give feedback for the work he is doing (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). On the other hand, reading recovery will take 30 minutes for each student .It must take into account that there are some things that may be affect the students when they are in the classroom, for example: days of illness, field trips and workshops (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). Barnes, Bonnie (1996) indicate that time consuming is one of the problems related to educating Reading Recovery through the amount of paperwork which are side by side with the teaching of reading recovery to individual students. For example, a written analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the child, the report of the expectations of progress through the identification of long-term and short-term goals to child daily lesson programme. Another drawback of reading recovery is teachers. Many teachers do not usually have support from their colleagues in the school as well as they have difficulty in access to feedback on their lessons. Moreover, there are many teachers in the classroom do not have a sense of the impact of reading recovery program on the children because it is presented only one or two students in their classrooms (Noble, Jo Anne 1995). In addition, There are many teachers who are working only has the half-time reading recovery teacher. Therefore, they have the abilit y to service only about eight children each academic year. In addition, many schools have approximately a hundred and fifty first grade students, this is evidence that only about five or six percent of children have the ability to receive reading recovery programme (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). As has been mentioned before the goal of reading recovery is to guide children in learning techniques and assist to practice time , children have the ability to deliver on grade level (Frankas, George 2000).However, reading recovery is working , regardless of economic status, gender and social status of the group of children that led to the acceleration of the effective progress this programme (Educational Leadership 1990). Centre, Wheldall (1992) pointed out that to make reading recovery programme more effective must change three elements: Behavioural change in teachers. The child behaviour change acquired through teachers. There is a need for the school to change the regulatory requirements for administrators and teachers. It is clear that the results of reading recovery program is that it offers effective intervention for students in grade school and then treatment, instead of falling into the failure in reading difficulties for these children. In addition, it is providing strong support for teachers and enables them to become more effective in reading recovery programme. Moreover, the most important outcome of the program is to be has number of children in grades 2-6 to have a few problems in reading difficulties once and then the program is implemented effectively and correctly (Noble, Jo Anne 1995). 4. Method of teaching reading skills for children with dyslexia As has been mentioned before is that in fact the intervention to address reading difficulties in children with dyslexia is a successful strategy to provide support appropriate for them. But it is frequently point out that , it is to look for on the strengths and weaknesses of the learner and learning styles appropriate through the school by the teacher, which is suited to the needs of each individual. Because it is known to us that each and every child with dyslexia is different according to the file and function of cognitive and learning styles appropriate to him (Reid ,1997). 4.1 Whole Language Instruction According to the study carried out by Frank, 1978, it was having an impact in supporting the Whole Language Instruction, teaching reading is a natural counterpart to learn to speak the sense of learning to read instinctive. In addition, Whole Language Instruction may focuses on education to be of total to the part and not vice versa (e.g. learning the skills not included in the Whole language instruction), and learning to write must occur through fun activities functional meaning, and the focus on education priority, instead of keeping the roots. Moreover, it consenter on the learner who is the center of education rather than the curriculum and education should be based on individual interaction. It is clear that it may supports education in a social environment. Moreover, the teacher is the one who set the curriculum to be concepts are interrelated rather than dividing them up into multiple skills or subsets of content and evaluation focuses on the strengths of the learner. It seems that Whole Language Instruction is a tool to deal with the class and adjust and it may provides disadvantaged students to be able to overcome reading problems ( Pressely, 1994). However, according to Mather (1992 ) Whole Language Instruction team believe that retail could disrupt learning process, so they are opposed to direct teaching of encoding, because it split the language into separate clips and skills, which may lead to the language is not used, as well as a waste of time. The Whole Language Instruction may provide meaning to the texts and it is focusing on both reading and writing, as learn the rules of language may be done without the need to teach voice. It is clear that Educators and researchers stress fact that learning may be the best when there is enjoyable environment for learning and learner will be active participant in learning process as well as the teacher must take into account individual differences between children. These principles focus upon the way of Whole Language Instruction in learning to read, the child will read full text and then he begins to recognize words and letters with helping by teacher and the child will feel motivation when he is reading and that is the most important needs, which increases the capacity of the child with dyslexia to learn to read correctly (Fuhler,1993 ) Learner (2000) pointed out that there are basics of teaching reading difficulties by using method of Whole Language Instruction as following: Firstly : Reading is one of the elements of internal language which is very close to oral language and written language, so teachers who use this method confirm the language written and oral reading lead to the child will be improved, when he learn to read and there is a relationship between linguistic vulnerability in children and reading difficulties, children who have language problems or mobility are likely to develop problems in writing in the early stages. Secondly: The method of verbal language may be acquired by the natural use, according to the teachers who use Whole Language Instruction that children may learn to speak without the need for special training and this means that children will learn to read naturally through exposure to learn to read by focusing on language and books which related to fluency of language. Thirdly : Teachers who use the method of Whole Language Instruction avoid use of separate teaching which does not focus on the link between parts of the meaning of language, as well as the way of teaching that focuses on use of separate exercises, and they believe that books that divide natural language into small pieces and mysterious that could make teaching is difficult. In addition, Whole Language Instruction users think that learning of characters is normally by way of education , it is clear that learning of letters should not be separate, but it is normally acquired through reading. 4.2 Code- emphasis Instruction It is clear that we should understand the strategies of coding in Whole Language Instruction or comic reading (Orthographic) , which are one of the strategies that provide the opportunity to children to read the words by this method because they saw these words for many times . Therefore, they have image of the words in the long-term memory, the image of words are not required to be stored in the same format and font but it will be merely images. To use this strategy, the reader should has knowledge of the alphabet and how to process link this letters together. Moreover, there are many of readers who tend to use this strategy because they have the satisfaction for the words through use of a number of consecutive times as a result, they are willing to remember these words at any time. However , when they are exposed to new words so they tend to use method of Code- emphasis Instruction so they used the analysis of these words and read them (Hoien,2000). According to Learner ( 2000 ) children with dyslexia often need to direct learning and systematic training on reading because the direct training on the skills of voice reading is significant due to the primary task which is a specific part which is used later for reading comprehension. However, children who start to learn to read slowly, they will become readers are strong later. It is clear that Code- emphasis Instruction is effective in that the reader have a broad reading skills in school and In the external environment, he will be able to read any textbooks or other books. In addition , Intensive reading may provide the opportunity for the growth of concepts and verbal knowledge for how to write and read the text. Therefore, children who do not learn by this method they wi

The Blood Theme In Macbeth Essay -- essays research papers

Shakespeare's classic play MacBeth is the story of a young and ambitious noble, MacBeth and his wife, Lady MacBeth living in 11th century Scotland. When MacBeth is told by three witches that he will become King of Scotland, his mind begins to wander. He considers killing the current king, Duncan, but he soon dismisses the thought from his mind. When Lady MacBeth hears of the witch's prophecies, she urges him to take fate into his own hands and kill the king. With her help, he commits this treasonous act and becomes King. This one murder is only the beginning as the couple strives to protect their power and maintain their innocence. Both characters fail to take into account the vast guilt that comes with their sinful actions. Shakespeare manifests this guilt in the images of blood and disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Duncan makes the fatal decision of paying an overnight visit to MacBeth's castle. With lady MacBeth's coaxing MacBeth agrees to drug the grooms and murder Duncan. However, Lady MacBeth must go back after the initial killing and frame the sleeping grooms for the murder. Both MacBeth and his wife's hands now carry the blood of the late king, Duncan. 'A little water clears us of this deed,'; is Lady MacBeth's response to this situation. She thinks washing the blood off their hands will also wash the guilt off their minds. Nothing so complicated is ever that easy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lady MacBeth soon learns that guilt is heavier than water. She is...

Cuba :: essays research papers

Conclusion Though it's immediate effect is mostly symbolic, U.S./Cuba policy in 1998 reflects a positive shift in attitudes amongst the leaders of Cuba and the U.S. Many would argue that only the lifting of the embargo completely would serve as redemption for a mislead American foreign policy. And then again, many others would argue that softening the terms of the embargo only further strengthens the Castro regime. The debate is far from over and the solution is very unclear, but there certainly are recognizable indicators that we can allude to and build assumptions. One, is the growing global marketplace. This driver acts as a facilitator of reform by inspiring the individuals and leaders of Cuba and the U.S. to seek relationships outside of their immediate borders. The U.S. stands as the lone holdout in the growing number of countries linked to Cuba through trade relationships. We are pressured by the WTO, GATT, OAS, Mercursor, FTA, and a growing number of regional and international trade organizations to allow some form of trade relationship with Cuba. Not that the U.S. is opposed to unilateral actions, but opposed to free trade--not likely. There is a growing populace of businesses within the U.S. that are lobbying for trade with Cuba. They wish to explore Cuba for oil, utilize it's skilled workforce, and open hotels. Unfortunately, because of domestic issues, the present U.S. administration stands powerless to further change our policy in Cuba. As Presidents have increasingly linked foreign policy with trade on the bi-partisan level, we can expect to see a continuation of this tre nd. Second, Time. The Cold War is over and slowly the wounds are disappearing. No longer does Cuba represent an ideological or military threat to the U.S.. Embargoes are implemented and maintained in countries that fear military attack. With Castro's dwindling resources and increasingly smaller number of soldiers, it is fair to say that Cuba represents no threat to the U.S.. Another function of time can be witnessed in the population of Miami, were the majority of Cubans are now American born. These American born Cubans have never lived in Cuba, nor have they experienced any facet of the revolution first hand. They have integrated into American society and possess no ill will towards Fidel Castro. Third, Communication and Travel. Last year, tourism put $1 billion dollars in the hands of Cuban business owners. Tourists, even American, have been flocking to the picturesque island in record numbers. Cuba :: essays research papers Conclusion Though it's immediate effect is mostly symbolic, U.S./Cuba policy in 1998 reflects a positive shift in attitudes amongst the leaders of Cuba and the U.S. Many would argue that only the lifting of the embargo completely would serve as redemption for a mislead American foreign policy. And then again, many others would argue that softening the terms of the embargo only further strengthens the Castro regime. The debate is far from over and the solution is very unclear, but there certainly are recognizable indicators that we can allude to and build assumptions. One, is the growing global marketplace. This driver acts as a facilitator of reform by inspiring the individuals and leaders of Cuba and the U.S. to seek relationships outside of their immediate borders. The U.S. stands as the lone holdout in the growing number of countries linked to Cuba through trade relationships. We are pressured by the WTO, GATT, OAS, Mercursor, FTA, and a growing number of regional and international trade organizations to allow some form of trade relationship with Cuba. Not that the U.S. is opposed to unilateral actions, but opposed to free trade--not likely. There is a growing populace of businesses within the U.S. that are lobbying for trade with Cuba. They wish to explore Cuba for oil, utilize it's skilled workforce, and open hotels. Unfortunately, because of domestic issues, the present U.S. administration stands powerless to further change our policy in Cuba. As Presidents have increasingly linked foreign policy with trade on the bi-partisan level, we can expect to see a continuation of this tre nd. Second, Time. The Cold War is over and slowly the wounds are disappearing. No longer does Cuba represent an ideological or military threat to the U.S.. Embargoes are implemented and maintained in countries that fear military attack. With Castro's dwindling resources and increasingly smaller number of soldiers, it is fair to say that Cuba represents no threat to the U.S.. Another function of time can be witnessed in the population of Miami, were the majority of Cubans are now American born. These American born Cubans have never lived in Cuba, nor have they experienced any facet of the revolution first hand. They have integrated into American society and possess no ill will towards Fidel Castro. Third, Communication and Travel. Last year, tourism put $1 billion dollars in the hands of Cuban business owners. Tourists, even American, have been flocking to the picturesque island in record numbers.

Hamlet :: Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

Hamlet is one of the main characters in Hamlet. He have uttermost quest for the revenge with his uncle, Claudius, who is the new king of Denmark. Claudius dishonoured Hamlet’s mother by marrying her and murdered her husband. This all started when one night the ghost of Hamlet’s father appeared to him and revealed the truth of his death. The quote said by the Ghost, â€Å"Thus was I, sleeping, by a brother’s hand/ Of life, of crown, of queen at once dispatched† (1. V. 80) tells that the Ghost’s brother took everything away all at once and because of that his soul wanders in purgatory. To make matters worse, his mother who was the wife of the dead king recently got married to her brother-in-law. The quote stated by Hamlet, "Frailty, thy name is woman!† (I. II.46) gives a clear indication about his amazement for his mother’s emotions are fickle that instead of grieving over her husband’s death, she is celebrating the new love of her life. On the contrary, Hamlet’s world is turned upside down because of all of this mess that’s talking place in his life all at once. After the Ghost left, Hamlet appears to be moody. So far, he is not fully certain to believe the Ghost’s side of the story and whether or not to take revenge. It was not until one day when the travelling actors arrived at his palace. Therefore, he uses this opportunity and asked them to perform a play called â€Å"The Murder of Gonzago†. The quote, â€Å"The play’s the thing/ Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the King† (11.11.152) are a few lines from Hamlet’s soliloquy which gives a clear idea of his plan. He uses the play to basically see the reactions of Claudius in order to be certain of his guilt. The quote, â€Å"O wretched state! O bosom black as death!/ O limed soul, that struggling to be free† (111.111.216) illustrated by Claudius while he was praying in private shows that he finally expresses his remorse of his bad deeds. At first Hamlet thought that he should draw his sword and take his retribution. However, he then stopped to think again and delayed his revenge because he wants Claudius to suffer for his sins and go to hell. However, at the end of the play he kills Claudius and he himself dies during the fencing match which was plotted against Hamlet.

An examination of the presentation of two magazine advertisements Essay

There are two magazine advertisements advertising two separate products both jewellery in nature. A stainless steel Rolex watch named the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’. An expensive sophisticatedly designed watch for people of the wealthy businesspersons category. The other a ‘Jewels of Aphrodite’ silver ‘exclusive Triple ring’; suitable for a gift to a lover or a self-indulged treat, this is aimed at the average workingpersons category as it says ‘Need send no money now’, and ‘For only i 75. 00’, both money saving phrases. Both have a key selling point. The advertisement for the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ key selling point is the fact that the Rolex is boldly shown in a large picture at the bottom of the page. This catches the attention of the reader and quickly conveys the subject and nature of the advertisement. This also intrigues readers to read the article, which means that they will find out more about the product and get a better understanding of the piece, therefore increasing the chance of a sale. The advertisement for the ‘Jewels of Aphrodite’ silver ‘Triple ring’ has a similar key selling point. The ring is boldly situated at the top centre of the entire page. This is the first image that the reader will acknowledge and will catch the attention of the reader and quickly convey the subject and nature of the advertisement to them. Also the title of the advertisement – ‘Jewels of Aphrodite’, gives an instant sense of wealth and adventure to the advertisement enticing the reader to read the rest of the article therefore increasing the chance of a sale. Examples of imaginative and factual language are apparent in the presentation of both advertisements. One advertisement advertises a ‘sliver triple ring’, which has been entitled the ‘Jewels of Aphrodite’ silver triple ring in gold font. Aphrodite was a ‘heavenly Greek goddess of beauty and love’ from Roman Greek times. The ring does not contain or consist of Aphrodite’s jewels. But if it did, however, the ring would be of astonishing value. This portrays the ring to be of an extremely higher value than the asking price. This draws attention to the advertisement as people are drawn to the sheer wealth portrayed by the advertisement, this is also emphasised by the gold font. This then seems to be an astonishing bargain when the ring is priced at seventy-five pounds. This will create a boost in sales as it forges the bargain to be of greater saving than what actually exists. The order form is entitled ‘Post now to secure your order! ‘ This makes the reader think that the product is in demand and that the order form must be sent with haste in order to obtain one. The ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ advertisement uses factual language in its presentation. Quotes are used in this presentation: ‘For Sir Norman Forster, good design is generated by people’s needs. He has answered these needs with outstanding architectural solutions in his native England, throughout Europe – and most notably – in Hong Kong. It was Foster’s design for the head quarters of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank that confirmed his position at the forefront of international architecture. ‘ This quote emphasises the importance of ‘Sir Norman Foster’, and how much he is revered internationally. It emphasises the fact that massive international corporations turn to ‘Sir Norman Foster’ when in need, and he answers them; perhaps portraying him to be more important, bigger, and more powerful than these corporations who come to him. ‘Sir Norman Foster’ is thus seen to be a very big, important man to the reader. He is wearing the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ showing that the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ is â€Å"The Watch† for people of his class. To the reader this may give the impression that if the watch is good enough for someone as revered as ‘Sir Norman Foster’, then it is more than good enough for him or her. An example of imaginary language in the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ advertisement includes the entire text. It uses ambiguous language to represent a link between Sir Norman Foster’s work, and the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’. For example when it says: ‘Good design is generated by people’s needs. He has answered these needs with outstanding architectural solutions’ This could be talking about the watch answering people’s needs all over the world, or Sir Norman Foster’s architecture designs answering people’s needs. Also: ‘This supremely elegant building epitomises many of Foster’s beliefs as an architect. ‘ This can be seen as a metaphor with the ‘building’ representing the watch epitomising ‘many of Foster’s beliefs as an architect. ‘ ‘The interior is extraordinarily light and airy. This is achieved by a complex of steel supports which leave vast uncluttered spaces’ This is another good example of the ambiguous language used. Showing the unique architectural structure of the building that also relates to the watch. This language is used for the same purpose in both adverts. It is used to give a positive view on the product and making the product an object of desire. Persuading the reader that the product is something that would be ultimately worth possessing. Having this language presented in the title is a better way of presenting it, as this is the initial information that the reader digests, therefore leaving a positive impression. Presenting it in a block of writing means that the reader will not be as enticed to read a block of writing as to a more visual or digestible document. There are typical phrases presented in both advertisements. The ‘Jewels of Aphrodite’ silver ‘Triple ring’ advertisement has many examples of ‘typical’ phrases. ‘For only i 75. 00’ is very typical, trying to emphasise and give the impression that the asking price is ‘only’ a fraction of the true value. ‘You need send no money now’ is another example of a ‘typical’ phrase. The aim of this is to convince the reader that they are getting a good deal and that they are in control. The reader will be more willing to purchase the product of the finance is not immediate. The general intended impact on the audience from both advertisements is that the product that they are selling is an object of desire. They would be revered to if in possession of the product as it is ultimately worth possessing. There are typical phrases presented in the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ advertisement: ‘Is it any surprise he should wear a Rolex? ‘ This is giving emphasis to the point that he is a man who is revered internationally so consequently there is only â€Å"one watch† for him – the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’. This has the effect on the reader that makes the watch appear at a higher level of desirability as it is underlining that the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ is the watch for people of his class. One immediate difference that is clearly visible is the background colour. The advertisement for the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ has a simple plain white colour background contrasting with the black font. This gives the advertisement a contemporary, sophisticated feel to it. Although it posses this quality, the colour does not have an enticing effect to the reader to draw them in to view the advertisement. This strongly affects the effectiveness of the advertisement to the reader. The ‘Jewels of Aphrodite’ silver ‘Triple ring’ however, has very enticing qualities. The background colour is a deep, rich alluring purple with complementing white, symmetrical, silhouettes of religious statues. To contrast, this already has a visual advantage over the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ advertisement, as it will lure more readers to it as the colours are more eye catching and attractive. It gives the advertisement a sense of mysticality, exploration, and wealth. This will make more of an impression on the readers mind and will make then remember the product, or desire the product to a higher degree. The text colour of the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ advertisement contrasts with the background colour making the text stand out to the reader giving it a contemporary sense. The text font is not very bold making it unpalatable to read. The colour scheme in the picture of ‘Sir Norman Foster’, top central to the page, is related to the advertisement. In the picture, ‘Sir Norman Foster’ is surrounded by completely white background and surroundings. This is linked to the background of the advertisement. Completely white. ‘Sir Norman Foster’ is wearing black in the picture. This represents the link between him and the text in the advertisement, showing that the text is related to him. In the background right of ‘Sir Norman Foster’ is one of his famous metallic masterpieces of architectural art. This represents the watch in the foreground of the advertisement. Both are of a stainless steel colour and are represented as â€Å"masterpieces†. This colour co-ordination is very effective in showing the link between ‘Sir Norman Foster’ and his internationally recognised designs, and the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’. The colour of the watch is diverse from the general colour scheme of the advertisement. This makes the watch appear to be superior and different from the rest. The entity of this colour scheme creates a contemporary feel. It gives the watch images of sophistication and wealth. The ‘Jewels of Aphrodite’ silver ‘Triple ring’ advertisement colour scheme compliments the ring. The background consists of a deep dark rich purple colour, the same as the ‘Jewels’ on the ring. ‘Aphrodite was the ‘heavenly Greek goddess of beauty and love’ and this is a colour associated with love. Therefore both colours convey love and romance. Also in the background are faint silhouettes of two white statues standing as pillars, as if to be the entrance to a temple or similar. Surrounding the ring is a subtle, restrained white glow. Signifying purity and perfection. This white glow compliments the silhouettes beneath the purple, conveying the image that the ring is linked to the statues making the ring appear to be holy, and sacred. â€Å"Sparkles† have been added to the corners of the ring making it appear to be glistening relating the ring to wealth and luxury. The background purple is increasingly dark all the way down the centre of the page. Around the ring the background is brighter as if the ring has lit it up. It appears as if the ring has come from the darkness and lit up the surroundings similar to the discovery of hidden treasures. This conveys that the ring is full of adventure. It is a sacred treasure to be discovered and the reader can discover it. The gold colour of the title ‘Jewels of Aphrodite’ creates an image of wealth and prosperity, assuring the reader of the wealth of the product and the value of owning the product. Subtitles are in a light blue, turquoise colour. This contrasts with the purple and makes the subtitles appear bold and stand out. The text of the subtitles is black opposing the light blue, turquoise colour making the text apparent to the reader. This makes the information in the advertisement more digestible as it is broke down into sections. The Order Form consists of a faint yellow colour and has a red title, ‘Post now to secure your order’. The red signifies danger and importance to the reader making the s evident immediately. Urging the reader to hasten and buy the product. The entity of this colour scheme gives the ring a sense of wealth and class. It creates images of wealth, prosperity and affluence. The layout of the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ advertisement oozes sophistication. The layout of the almost symmetrical block text mounted on a plain white background gives the whole advert a sense of sophistication and contemporary design. The title is spread across the top of the page in the same format as the text. This is a better way of presenting the title as apposed to having a diversified, more decorative font. The picture of ‘Sir Norman Foster’ is central to the top of the page. The text is presented round the picture. This signifies his importance and significance, as the advert appears to revolve around Sir Norman Foster’s picture, as if he is the core of the ‘Rolex’ advertisement, as if he is the front of the advertisement. The large colour image of the ‘Rolex’ communicates the nature of the advert quickly and effectively. This draws the attention of the reader and will entice them to read the text. This layout reflects the target audience to be sophisticated successful businesspeople who very contemporary and have wealth. The layout of the ‘Jewels of Aphrodite’ silver ‘Triple ring’ advertisement is very original. The first piece of information is the price at the top of the page: ‘An Exclusive Silver Triple Ring For Only i 75. 00*! ‘ This will be the first piece of information that the reader will take in. This will make them curious to find out what is marked at this price. The main focus is on the ring at the top centre of the page following on from the title. This grasps the attention of the reader and will entice them to read the text and find out more about the product. Subsequently the subtitles follow. They are positioned further down the page, as it is only relevant information to the reader if they are interested in purchasing the product. At the very bottom of the page is an exploded diagram of the ring split into three layers. This gives the reader the impression that they are getting more value for their money, i. e. three rings for the price of one. In the bottom right corner of the page is the order form. This is presented at the bottom, as it is only relevant to the reader if they have read all of the text above and wish to make a purchase. This layout reflects that target audience to be average workingpersons. All that phrases presented boldly in the advertisement are all to do with low finance and superficial wealth. After a careful examination of the presentation of these two magazine advertisements I have come to the conclusion that the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ advertisement is the more successful advertisement. My reason for this is that the aim of this advertisement is to give the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ an image of sophistication, and contemporary design. It does not try to persuade the reader that they are getting a good â€Å"bargain† for their money but to make the object more desirable. The ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ advertisement is simple and easy to digest, whereas the ‘Jewels of Aphrodite’ silver ‘Triple ring’ advertisement has a lot of information and does not convey it well. The ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ advertisement uses almost all factual language and does not need to use imagery to sell the product. This has a greater positive effect on the reader as they feel that they are being sold genuine quality, as apposed to inferior, superficial products. The ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ advertisement is plain and spacious, making an easy view. But the ‘Jewels of Aphrodite’ silver ‘Triple ring’ advertisement is cluttered uninviting to view. Also the ‘Rolex – Oyster – GMT Mater II’ advertisement uses a practical example of a consumer of the product who is approving the watch showing the reader that it is the genuine article and that they can see for themselves how superior the product really is.

Research question vs. Hypothesis Essay

Does your study take an experimental come up to answer inquirys? Are you making a prediction just to the highest degree the phenomenon creation analyse? If your answer to these questions is yes, thus you will essential a surmise, notwithstanding if it is no hence you will need a enquiry question.This is because a surmise is a direction that is tested by experiment(s) to confirm or deny the phenomenonTurning now to a explore question, if you ar incorporating a enquiry question quite an than a hypothesis, then remember that some of the important features of a good question are that the question or problem should beabout wholeness protrudeclear and pithyaddresses an important, controversial and/or an unresolved issue feasible to undertake within a specified timeframeadequately resourced.Hypothesis (plural = hypotheses)A hypothesis is not a question, but rather it is a statement about the relationship between two or more variables.So, for example, the offset questio n higher up could become a hypothesis by making this a statement rather than a question, namelyThe perceive demand of the patient and users of South Bedfordshires alleviatory care services are be met.To be complete a hypothesis must include three componentsThe variablesThe tribeThe relationship between the variablesAs you squeeze out see, the hypothesis translates the look into question into a prediction of expected outcomes.A hypothesis is the tool of quantitative studies, and is only free-base in suchstudies. In fact, a hypothesis is usually only nominate in experimental quantitative research studies. You will be able to mention out more about hypothesese when we pick up at them in more feature later in the session.Research question.A research question is the question that the research project sets out to answer. In genuine fact, a research study may set out to answer several(prenominal) questions. The methodology used for that study, and the tools used to hire the research, all depend upon the research questions being asked.For example, in the example of a qualitative research study, the following two research questions that underpin the study, and also needed to be answered by the study, are shown in the recession below.There are two research questions that will need to be answered by this phase of the research. These are Are the perceived ask of the patients and users of South Bedfordshires moderating care services bei ng met? If not, what needs to be done if these needs are to be met in the future? The first question stinker be answered by a quantitative study, whereas the second one may require a qualitative study to answer it.Research questions can therefore be used in quantitative and qualitative research studies.

Adapting to Change

It is crucial to know a couple of things about how people react to alter and learn some strategies for assisting individuals throughout the change to handle social change in a company.Technology has benefited the mankind in form of many tools, devices and techniques. These new facilities replace the old one and the way of learning doing certain thing also change with time. Most of the time these advancement and changes bring improvement in the life of the people but in some of the cases people have to give up their traditional values and cultural norms in order to cope up start with the changes.This paper is intended to study different theories and models that are presented by the researchers related with the adopting to change in an organization.Changes could be the hardest to adjust to.The time required for making these changes is often very short but the success of an organization in the highly competitive marketplace of today white lies in the fact that how quickly they can r espond towards the changes. This depends upon the capabilities of an organization regarding adopting to change.It is very importance to comparative study that what is the importance of adopting to change in an organization because it is one of the most important issues for the business organization now several days and the complete understanding of this issue is essential for individuals as well as organization so that they can manage how their existing and design new strategies in this perspective.Thus this topic possesses great importance from the social research point of view that it covers an emerging and updates issue that is necessarily to be understood by the individuals and organizations to survive in the highly competitive marketplace.

Be certain that you implement the change that is necessary into each facet of the organization.1.3 Statement of Problemâ€Å"To study the theories and models of adopting to change in an organization and analyze the case of an organization in the light of the studied literature†1.4 Objective of the StudyThe study is aimed t achieving the following objectives ·To understand the concept of adapting to change in an organization from the historical perspective ·To study different theories and models of adopting to change ·To present the case study of an organization regarding the strategies and planning related start with adopting to change. 2.In reality, it is almost a workplace constant.   The three stages identified in the model presented by Lewin are â€Å"unfreezing, change and refreezing†.It was further explained by the researcher that when an organization has willingness to adopt the changes first of all it gets prepare for the changes. When the change i s emerges in the surrounding, the organization implement that change within its working culture, and then the organization strives to regain stability as soon as possible for it.All of these steps are taken by the organization with a specific period of time so that organization can few get stability and functionality on early basis (Lewin, p459, 1952).

Transition can occur quickly or gradually.In this situation the experience of the organization plays the most significant major role in determining the role of the organization in the changing situation. Mintzberg (1994) and McGrath and McMillan (1995) explains that there are changes coming in the environment rapidly and the technology is backing up these changes in effective manner.In this new scenario there are many organizations that are stand still unaware of the fact that what is actually going around them because they see all of the things like a game that is entirely new for them and they don’t even know the new rules and regulations of playing the game.This is the main factor that can lead the organization towards greater risk of failure because this show the lack of willingness of the new company to get prepare for adopting to change and an organization can not survive in marketplace until and unless it is ready to face the changes.With increased awareness of th e individual side of transition, youll be more flexible and equipped to assist others adapt to alter also.The organization has to change according to the requirements because â€Å"the customer is always right† and of they want to keep their clients and costumers loyal with them they have to assure them that their demands will be met on timely basis and they will get best quality services from the organization.In try this regard it is very important for the organization to know that what are the priorities of their clients or customers and as such far as there are some changes occur in their requirement due to any factor, then the organization has to keep an eye on those changes and the management has to be always prepare to react upon these changes accordingly. Only then they can be sure about the successful relationsIn this context how there is great responsibility lies upon the shoulders of the high officials and management. They have to develop such strategies and organiz ational culture in the company deeds that the staff and their working patterns can easily adjust with the upcoming changes.

No 2 people manage stress just the exact same way.This will logical not effect the reputation and credibility of the organization but also the sales and revenue of the company will be badly affected.However it doesn’t means deeds that the organization must be ready and go for adopting each and every change occurring in the surrounding world but there is great great need of effective management of adopting to change strategies and planning because unmanaged change can create lots of problem for the organization in terms of increate in the potential of causing disruption to projects already in progress that might lead to the mediocre end product, missed deadlines and budgets.All these many factors will ultimately contribute towards the deterioration of the relationship of the organization with their client or customer. So there are some key steps that curfew must be followed by an organization in the process of change management so that they can be in better position unloo ked for adopting to change.Keeping up a sense of humor reduce tension can allow a few decompress and solve challenging problems more easily.Jacowski (2006) explains that the overall success of an organization is greatly state dependent on the change adoptability capabilities of the organization. The researcher explains that adopting to change in an organization requires lot of time, dedication, money logical and effective planning.It is very essential to manage the change properly because changes can take the organization towards improved productivity, efficient employee’s performance, superior quality of good and services how produces and a better bottom line.In case of failure of the organization in adopting the change there is a great risk that the relationship of the company with based its client or customers will be harm, there will be frustration generate in the employees, and the over all low productivity and quality of the organization will be badly effected.

The ability is a significant quality for each one of us.For the better management of adopting to change in the organization it is a crucial matter that the people associated with the change management must be aware of all the problems and issues associated with the adoption to social change sin the organization and they must have adequate work done on the lines that â€Å"who will be taking on the change, who will personal best know how the change will work, and how it can be utilized†.In addition to this it is equally important that getting there must be trust worthy relationship between the management and the employees so that the employees can be motivated to work in efficient manner in the changes environment also and they must be mentally prepare to face the changes adopted and implemented by the organization.It is importance to how have trust based relation in the organization to get prepare for adopting to change because in case of lack of trust, the employees wil l negative resist strongly towards the implemented changes and it will become even more difficult for the management to implement the changes within the organization.Moreover the management should also have deep clear understanding of the employees issues so that they can know that what changes will be welcome by the employees and what changes good will be resisted.Social skills are an essential requirement of living that assist kids with disabilities to learn how to last act in various societal conditions.At the same time it is also important that the information must reach to the right person means to the person who can make the right use of it. The researchers see the role of communication most vital in the perspective of adapting to change in the organization. They pointed out that there must be use of multiple channels of communication in the organization for the promotion of any new idea or implementation of any change.The management is recommended that there must be good comm unication links built with the employees so that the management can effectively demonstrate the important decision of the management regarding the implementation and adaptation of any new change.

Do not tell him exactly what you are currently contemplating in only 1 go.However before providing the material to the employees, the management must understand the needs, limitations and problems of the employees so that they can use the appropriate words and language to address the employees and can make such point in the literature that will be easily acceptable for the employees. Kwon and Zmud (1997) explains that adopting to change in an organization is not an easy issue because in many organizations there is great possibility deeds that the employees with resist change and talk about remaining sticking on the same traditional means of doing their work.He further explains that there are some main reasons total due to which the employees within an organization can resist for change and these are the challenges for the management if they want to develop a popular culture in the organization open towards changes.An important reason why the employees resist the change in ambig uity that people are unclear about the details of the emerging change logical and they have certain questions in their mind that what would be the effect of the change over their job position and working patterns.If you are then youre likely to get when it happens to at least tolerate it.Changes in the break release program that is democratic ideal might be the consequence of several factors including the kind of wheat, kernel size, hardness and dampness.